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ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) a form of elemental analysis by the induction of a liquid (liquid) sample into a high temperature plasma. It involves the injecting of a sample, which is normally liquid-type, in a high temperature plasma, where elements in the sample are excited and emit light at various wavelengths. This energy is then quantified to the amount of the sample that is present to them allowing it to accurately measure the amount of material that is produced to identify them quantitatively. Learn more about elemental analysis.

What is the Principle of ICP-OES?
The ICP-OES principle works because of the high-temperature environment of the inductively coupled plasma which is able to completely atomize the sample. Because of its high temperature, usually between 5000 and 10,000 K, the plasma successfully targets the electrons of the elements so they go into higher energy states. If the electrons are back into ground state they produce specific wavelengths of light. These light signals are separated and transmitted over an optical circuit onto a detector and can be measured based on these signals how the types and concentrations of the elements are present in the sample.

It is crucial to know ICP-OES working principle so it can be used correctly and optimized. Firstly, understanding plasma formation and maintenance process can help operators determine the right sample introduction technique and plasma configuration to minimize interference and increase analytical accuracy. Second, learning the foundations of excitation processes and spectral analysis helps solve practical issues during operation such as spectral interference and matrix effects. In addition, learning ICP-OES' working principle will help researchers learn new analytical procedures that will further the performance of the instrument and its use to more users.

ICP-OES Process
The ICP-OES procedure involves the introduction of the sample, the aerosol creation, plasma generation, and light emission and detection. It ensures high sensitivity and multi-element analysis capabilities of the sample components.

1. Sample Introduction
1.1 Role of the Nebulizer and Spray Chamber

It typically comes in a liquid form into the ICP-OES system which is then moved to the nebulizer by a peristaltic pump. The nebulizer converts the liquid sample into an aerosol to get the sample into plasma. The aerosol contains tiny droplets. The aerosol contains small particles, which undergo a process like dissolution, evaporation, atomization, and ionization before it enters plasma.

1.2 Plasma Generation

Argon gas (and other inert gases) are added to a coil that is governed by a high frequency electromagnetic field. This electromagnetic field generates eddy currents in the fecund gas, heated the gas and ionized it to create plasma. Plasma can reach more than 10,000 K, which is enough to excite or ionize the atoms and ions in the sample.

2. How the Plasma Torch Works?
It contains mainly three concentric quartz tubes: an outer tube, an auxiliary tube, and a central tube. Thru these, argon gas is heated and ionized with a high-frequency electromagnetic field. Plasma temperature may reach more than 10,000 K. This is enough to pulsate or ionize the most basic particles.

3. Emission of Light
3.1 Excitation of Atoms and Ions

As the atoms and ions in the sample enter the plasma of high temperatures they are invaded to higher power. If these pumped atoms or ions go back to their ground state, it generates light in specific wavelengths, and all elements emit that light.

3.2 Production of Characteristic Wavelengths

The radiation is reflected through the optical system and divided into wavelengths. This wavelength represents the characteristic emission lines of some elements. Each element is concentrated through the measurements of wavelength intensity by a detector.